World History
History of Austria. This is a short and engaging article which gives an overview of the history of Austria.
From the site:
The Austro-Hungarian Empire played a decisive role in central European history. It occupied strategic territory containing the southeastern routes to western Europe and the north-south routes between Germany and Italy. Present-day Austria retains this unique position.
Soon after the Republic of Austria was created at the end of World War I, it faced the strains of catastrophic inflation and of adapting a large government structure to the needs of a new, smaller republic. In the early 1930s, worldwide depression and unemployment added to these strains and shattered traditional Austrian society. In 1933, Engelbert Dollfuss formed a conservative autocracy. In February 1934, civil war broke out, and the Socialist Party was outlawed. In July, a coup d'etat by the National Socialists failed, but Nazis assassinated Dollfuss. In March 1938, Germany occupied Austria and incorporated it into the German Reich. This development is commonly known as the "Anschluss" (annexation).
At the Moscow conference in 1943, the Allies declared their intention to liberate and reconstitute Austria. In April 1945, both Eastern- and Western-front Allied forces liberated the country. Subsequently, the victorious allies divided Austria into zones of occupation similar to those in Germany with a four-power administration of Vienna. Under the 1945 Potsdam agreements, the Soviets took control of German assets in their zone of occupation. These included 7% of Austria's manufacturing plants, 95% of its oil resources, and about 80% of its refinery capacity. The properties returned to Austria under the Austrian State Treaty. This treaty, signed in Vienna on May 15, 1955, came into effect on July 27, and, under its provisions, all occupation forces departed by October 25, 1955. Austria became free and independent for the first time since 1938.
- Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire During the period of 1500 to 1750, the Holy Roman Empire grew to be a large political entity but faced serious problems that brought it close to the point of disintegration. The immense territory of the empire—over 300 states...
- History Of Liechtenstein
History of Liechtenstein. This is a brief history of the European microstate of Liechtenstein. Hard to spell and a minnow in the World Cup Soccer (Football) field, it nonetheless is an independent sovereign state. The Encyclopædia Britannica notes, "Officially...
- Encyclopedia Of 1848 Revolutions
Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions. Articles about the people and ideas motivating the 1848 European revolutions. Most articles have bibliographies. From the site: The 1848 Revolutions challenge the maxim that winners write history. But the very concept...
- History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This site offers an overview to the history of the troubled European nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. From the site: For the first centuries of the Christian era, Bosnia was part of the Roman Empire. After the...
- Who Started Wwi? 10 Historians Weigh In
Ten historians give 10 different interpretations on who started WWI in this BBC story. Sir Max Hastings - military historian, argues that Germany was most responsible. "It alone had power to halt the descent to disaster at any time in July 1914 by withdrawing...
World History
History of Austria
History of Austria. This is a short and engaging article which gives an overview of the history of Austria.
From the site:
The Austro-Hungarian Empire played a decisive role in central European history. It occupied strategic territory containing the southeastern routes to western Europe and the north-south routes between Germany and Italy. Present-day Austria retains this unique position.
Soon after the Republic of Austria was created at the end of World War I, it faced the strains of catastrophic inflation and of adapting a large government structure to the needs of a new, smaller republic. In the early 1930s, worldwide depression and unemployment added to these strains and shattered traditional Austrian society. In 1933, Engelbert Dollfuss formed a conservative autocracy. In February 1934, civil war broke out, and the Socialist Party was outlawed. In July, a coup d'etat by the National Socialists failed, but Nazis assassinated Dollfuss. In March 1938, Germany occupied Austria and incorporated it into the German Reich. This development is commonly known as the "Anschluss" (annexation).
At the Moscow conference in 1943, the Allies declared their intention to liberate and reconstitute Austria. In April 1945, both Eastern- and Western-front Allied forces liberated the country. Subsequently, the victorious allies divided Austria into zones of occupation similar to those in Germany with a four-power administration of Vienna. Under the 1945 Potsdam agreements, the Soviets took control of German assets in their zone of occupation. These included 7% of Austria's manufacturing plants, 95% of its oil resources, and about 80% of its refinery capacity. The properties returned to Austria under the Austrian State Treaty. This treaty, signed in Vienna on May 15, 1955, came into effect on July 27, and, under its provisions, all occupation forces departed by October 25, 1955. Austria became free and independent for the first time since 1938.
- Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire During the period of 1500 to 1750, the Holy Roman Empire grew to be a large political entity but faced serious problems that brought it close to the point of disintegration. The immense territory of the empire—over 300 states...
- History Of Liechtenstein
History of Liechtenstein. This is a brief history of the European microstate of Liechtenstein. Hard to spell and a minnow in the World Cup Soccer (Football) field, it nonetheless is an independent sovereign state. The Encyclopædia Britannica notes, "Officially...
- Encyclopedia Of 1848 Revolutions
Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions. Articles about the people and ideas motivating the 1848 European revolutions. Most articles have bibliographies. From the site: The 1848 Revolutions challenge the maxim that winners write history. But the very concept...
- History Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This site offers an overview to the history of the troubled European nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. From the site: For the first centuries of the Christian era, Bosnia was part of the Roman Empire. After the...
- Who Started Wwi? 10 Historians Weigh In
Ten historians give 10 different interpretations on who started WWI in this BBC story. Sir Max Hastings - military historian, argues that Germany was most responsible. "It alone had power to halt the descent to disaster at any time in July 1914 by withdrawing...