World History
History of Andorra This is an essay which recounts the history of Andorra.
From the site:
Andorra is the last independent survivor of the March states, a number of buffer states created by Charlemagne to keep the Muslim Moors from advancing into Christian France. Tradition holds that Charlemagne granted a charter to the Andorran people in return for their fighting the Moors. In the 800s, Charlemagne's grandson, Charles the Bald, named the Count of Urgell Overlord of Andorra. A descendant of the Count later gave the lands to the diocese headed by Bishop of Seu d'Urgell.
In the 11th century, fearing military action by neighboring lords, the bishop placed himself under the protection of the Lord of Caboet, a Spanish nobleman. Later, the Count of Foix, a French noble, became heir to Lord Caboet through marriage, and a dispute arose between the French Count and the Spanish bishop over Andorra.
In 1278, the conflict was resolved by the signing of a pareage, a feudal institution recognizing the principle of equality of rights shared by two rulers. This pareage provided that Andorra's sovereignty would be shared between the Count of Foix and the Bishop of Seu d'Urgell of Spain. The pareage gave the small state its territory and political form.
- Carolingian Dynasty
Carolingian Dynasty The Carolingian dynasty was a family of Frankish tribe nobles who came to rule over much of western Europe from 751 to 987. The dynasty’s most prominent member was Charlemagne. The family originally served as hereditary mayors...
- El Cid
El Cid with Alfonso VI The title El Cid was given to a Spanish early medieval warrior called Rodrigo (or Ruy) DÃaz de Vivar, also known as El Campeador (“the Championâ€). After his death, he became a folk hero with many Spanish ballads written...
- History Of Luxembourg
History of Luxembourg. This is a brief history of the European country of Luxembourg. It may be small but it has been a member of NATO since the beginning. It also survived two German occupations during the World Wars. The Encyclopædia Britannica notes,...
- The Spanish "tercios" 1525 - 1704
The Spanish "Tercios" 1525 - 1704 - Describes the organization, tactics and battles of the Spanish army in its golden age. The text is available English (default), Spanish, and French. The Spanish Golden Age army had been forged from almost seven centuries...
- History Of France
History of France. This is an interesting (but uneven) overview to the history of the Eurpean nation of France. From the site: France was one of the earliest countries to progress from feudalism to the nation-state. Its monarchs surrounded themselves...
World History
History of Andorra
History of Andorra This is an essay which recounts the history of Andorra.
From the site:
Andorra is the last independent survivor of the March states, a number of buffer states created by Charlemagne to keep the Muslim Moors from advancing into Christian France. Tradition holds that Charlemagne granted a charter to the Andorran people in return for their fighting the Moors. In the 800s, Charlemagne's grandson, Charles the Bald, named the Count of Urgell Overlord of Andorra. A descendant of the Count later gave the lands to the diocese headed by Bishop of Seu d'Urgell.
In the 11th century, fearing military action by neighboring lords, the bishop placed himself under the protection of the Lord of Caboet, a Spanish nobleman. Later, the Count of Foix, a French noble, became heir to Lord Caboet through marriage, and a dispute arose between the French Count and the Spanish bishop over Andorra.
In 1278, the conflict was resolved by the signing of a pareage, a feudal institution recognizing the principle of equality of rights shared by two rulers. This pareage provided that Andorra's sovereignty would be shared between the Count of Foix and the Bishop of Seu d'Urgell of Spain. The pareage gave the small state its territory and political form.
- Carolingian Dynasty
Carolingian Dynasty The Carolingian dynasty was a family of Frankish tribe nobles who came to rule over much of western Europe from 751 to 987. The dynasty’s most prominent member was Charlemagne. The family originally served as hereditary mayors...
- El Cid
El Cid with Alfonso VI The title El Cid was given to a Spanish early medieval warrior called Rodrigo (or Ruy) DÃaz de Vivar, also known as El Campeador (“the Championâ€). After his death, he became a folk hero with many Spanish ballads written...
- History Of Luxembourg
History of Luxembourg. This is a brief history of the European country of Luxembourg. It may be small but it has been a member of NATO since the beginning. It also survived two German occupations during the World Wars. The Encyclopædia Britannica notes,...
- The Spanish "tercios" 1525 - 1704
The Spanish "Tercios" 1525 - 1704 - Describes the organization, tactics and battles of the Spanish army in its golden age. The text is available English (default), Spanish, and French. The Spanish Golden Age army had been forged from almost seven centuries...
- History Of France
History of France. This is an interesting (but uneven) overview to the history of the Eurpean nation of France. From the site: France was one of the earliest countries to progress from feudalism to the nation-state. Its monarchs surrounded themselves...